What physiological state can chronic pain produce in the body?

Chronic pain often leads the body to enter a catabolic state. This physiological condition is characterized by the breakdown of body tissues and a decrease in muscle mass due to prolonged stress and the body's attempt to cope with continuous pain. When an individual experiences chronic pain, the body releases various stress hormones, such as cortisol, which can increase the breakdown of proteins and sugars for energy, contributing to muscle wasting and other metabolic changes. In contrast to an anabolic state, which is associated with tissue building and repair, a catabolic state hampers recovery and often leads to further complications, such as weight loss and diminished overall health.